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Subgroup analysis of cancer-related mortality with Cox regression model adjusted for sex and age-group by cancer stage, without propensity score matching. Total 31,896 patients with colorectal cancer were followed up for 5 years. The forest plot displays adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between preexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and non-COPD groups with different cancer stages by multivariate analysis.
