Table 1.
Study Characteristics of Included Randomized Controlled Trials
| Patients, % | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study Authors (Year) | Country (Sample Size) | IVM Dose and Duration | Control Group | COVID-19 Severity by WHO Classificationa | Patient Age, Mean (SD) or Median (IQR), y | RT-PCR Positive for SARS-CoV-2 | Hospitalized | Female Sex | CVD or CHD | DM | HTN | Evaluated outcomes | Duration of Follow-up, d |
| Chachar et al (2020) [28] | Pakistan (n = 50) | 12 mg, 12 mg at 12 h, and 12 mg at 24 h | SOC | Mild in 100% | 42 (16) | 100 | 0 | 38 | 8 | 40 | 26 | Asymptomatic at d 7 | 7 |
| Krolewiecki et al (2020) [29] | Argentina (n = 45) | 0.6 mg/kg once daily for 5 d | SOC | Mild in 87%, moderate in 13% | 41 (12) | 100 | 100 | 44 | NR | 16 | 13 | Viral load at d 5, IVM plasma level | 30 |
| Niaee et al (2020) [30] | Iran (n = 180) | 4 doses: from 200 μg/kg single dose to 800 μg/kg over 5 d | SOC | Mild or moderate (unclear distribution) | 56 (45–67) | 71 | 100 | 50 | NR | NR | NR | All-cause mortality rate, time until remission of symptoms, LOS | 5 |
| Podder et al (2020) [31] | Bangladesh (n = 62) | Single dose: 200 μg/kg | SOC | Mild in 81%, moderate in 19% | 39 (12) | 100 | NR | 29 | NR | NR | NR | Time to full recovery, viral clearance | 10 |
| Ahmed et al (2021) [32] | Bangladesh (n = 48) | 12 mg once daily for 5 d | Placebo | Mild in 100% | 42 (NR) | 100 | 100 | 54 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Remission of symptoms, LOS, SAEs, oxygen requirement, time to viral clearance | 14 |
| Beltrán-Gonzalez et al (2021) [33] | Mexico (n = 73) | Single dose: 12 mg if <80 kg; 18 mg if >80 kg | Placebo | Moderate in 74% with PaO2/FiO2 ratio 100 to 300) | 53 (17) | 100 | 100 | 38 | NR | 34 | 32 | All-cause mortality rate, clinical recovery, LOS, AEs, respiratory deterioration | 28 |
| Chaccour et al (2021) [34] | Spain (n = 24) | Single dose 400 μg/kg | Placebo | Mild in 100% | 26 (19–36) | 100 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | All-cause mortality rate, AEs, PCR at d 7 | 28 |
| Bukhari et al (2021) [35] | Pakistan (n = 86) | Single dose: 12 mg | SOC | Mild in most patients (percentage unclear) | 39 (42) | 100 | 100 | 15 | 5.8 | 12 | 14 | Time to viral clearance, AEs | 28 |
| López-Medina et al (2021) [36] | Colombia (n = 398) | 300 μg/kg once daily for 5 d | Placebo | Mild in 100% | 37 (29–48) | 100 | 1 | 78 | 1.7 | 6 | 13 | All-cause mortality rate, time to complete resolution, AEs, SAEs, escalation of care | 21 |
| Ravikirti et al (2021) [37] | India (n = 115) | 12 mg/d for 2 d | Placebo | Mild in 79%, moderate in 21% | 53 (15) | Positive RT-PCR or RAT results | 100 | 28 | 11 | 36 | 35 | All-cause mortality rate, admission to ICU, requirement for MV, viral clearance at d 6 | 10 |
Abbreviations: AEs, adverse events; CHD, coronary heart disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease; d, days; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; IVM, ivermectin; LOS, length of hospital stay in days; MV, mechanical ventilation; NR, not reported; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2; in millimeters of mercury) to fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2; expressed as fraction, not percentage); RAT, rapid antigen test; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction; SAEs, severe AEs; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SD, standard deviation; SOC, standard of care; WHO, World Health Organization.
aWHO classification per reference 20.