Figure 2.

Pathogenic bacteria tRNA modifications involved in virulence and stress adaptation. (A) Secondary structure of tRNA. The nucleotides in the loops, where the majority of modifications accumulate, are colored as follow: D loop in green, anticodon loop in pink, variable loop in orange, and TΨ loop in light blue. The nucleotides for which the modifications are associated with a specific phenotype specified in the figure are in red. (B) Tertiary L-shape structure of tRNA. The 3D model corresponded to the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA^Phe_GAA (pdb file 1EHZ [133]). The same color code is used for the secondary (A) and tertiary (B) tRNA structures. The core domain of the tRNA comprises the D-, TΨ- and variable loops.