Table 1.

Summary of the various immune cell types and associated subtypes and their role in wound healing in the context of HA.

Immune Subsystem	Cell Type	Subtype	Role with HA in Wound Healing
Innate	Mast cells		Facilitate attachment to HA [38] and promote anti-inflammatory wound milieu in concert with HA by way of IL-10 [4]
	Macrophages	M1	Induced by LMW-HA during inflammatory stage of wound healing [39]
		M2	Sulfated HA/collagen hydrogel improved murine diabetic wound healing by promoting M2 macrophages [40]
	Dendritic/Langerhans cells		LMW-HA promotes maturation of dendritic cells via TLR 4 pathway during inflammatory phase of wound healing [41]
	Natural killer T (NKT) cells		HA binds to CD44 receptors on the surface of NKT cells although downstream effects are unknown [42]
Adaptive	T lymphocytes		Antigen activation of T lymphocytes induces HA binding via CD44 which enables lymphocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue [28]
		CD4+	HMW-HA amplifies Foxp3 expression of Tregs which stimulates production of IL-2 and immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β [43]
		γδ	Subpopulation known as DETCs secrete keratinocyte growth factors 1 and 2 which stimulate HA production and macrophage recruitment [44]
	B cells		HA application to murine wounds attracts B cells to wound bed, stimulating production of IL-6 and TGF-β [45]