Table 1.
Subject characteristics and cardiometabolic risk factors.
| Variable | Non-Obese Controls | Obese Bariatric Patients | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 60 (18 ♂) | 60 (12 ♁) | |
| Age, y | 35.8 ± 1.8 | 36.4 ± 1.8 | 0.541 |
| Weight, kg | 75.8 ± 2.2 | 143.2 ± 3.4 * | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 0.6 | 51.1 ± 1.3 * | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 89.2 ± 1.9 | 133.5 ± 3.8 * | <0.0001 |
| Body fat, % | 32.2 ± 2.5 | 52.5 ± 1.1 * | <0.0001 |
| Body lean, % | 65.3 ± 2.4 | 46.8 ± 1.2 * | <0.0001 |
| VAT mass, kg | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 2.2 ± 0.2 * | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 75 ± 4 | 86 ± 3 * | 0.001 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 118 ± 2 | 135 ± 6 * | 0.005 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 74 ± 1 | 82 ± 3 * | 0.008 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 92 ± 1 | 99 ± 6 | 0.211 |
| FPI, µU/mL | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 16.1 ± 2.2 * | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.5 * | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 0.148 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 156 ± 10 | 165 ± 10 | 0.327 |
| HDL, mg/dL | 56 ± 6 | 45 ± 2 * | <0.001 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 87 ± 8 | 96 ± 6 | 0.221 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 92 ± 11 | 110 ± 7 | 0.160 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.4 * | <0.0001 |
| Plasma NO, µmol/L | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 3.2 ± 0.4 * | 0.002 |
| Folate, ng/mL | 18.7 ± 0.7 | 14.8 ± 0.8 * | 0.0004 |
| Vitamin B12, pg/mL | 562 ± 18 | 398 ± 26 * | <0.0001 |
| Homocysteine, µmol/L | 8.7 ± 0.2 | 11.4 ± 0.3 * | 0.003 |
| Vitamin D, ng/mL | 37.2 ± 4.7 | 16.9 ± 1.1 * | <0.0001 |
p-values are from non-paired Student’s test (* p < 0.05). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; VAT, visceral adipose tissues; BP, blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NO, nitric oxide.