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. 2021 Aug 18;11(8):1078. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11081078

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Neuroimaging-guided transcranial electrical stimulation. (A) An individualized head model can be created from structural MRI in SPM software (https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/: accessed on 1 June 2021) that can be used in AtlasViewer and ROAST to create a subject-specific forward matrix and lead field, respectively. AtlasViewer uses the forward matrix to estimate the cortical activation from task-related fNIRS data, which can be used as the cortical target for the electrode optimization in ROAST based on the lead field. (B) Right hemisphere cortical activation from AtlasViewer during the execution of a complex motor task (red dots show the sources and blue dots show the detectors) from Li et al. [43]. (C) Right hemisphere cortical activation during the execution of a complex motor task (from Li et al. [43]) was targeted with the ROAST-optimized electrode montage as shown by the electric field distribution (V/m). (D) Left hemisphere cortical activation from AtlasViewer during the execution of a complex motor task from Li et al. [43].