Table 1.

Effects of TLR activation in RPE cells.

TLR	Agonist	Effect	Reference
TLR2	Chlamydia pneumonia	Secretion IL-6, VEGF	[65]
		Expression MCP-1, IL-1ß, IL-8	[73]
	PAM2CSK4	Expression CFB, C3	[70]
		Expression/secretion IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, MCP1, TNFα	[73,94,95]
		Decreased barrier function, reduced expression tight junction	[94]
TLR3	Poly I:C	Expression/secretion IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-8, TNFα, MCP-1, sICAM-1, IFN-ß	[25,88,90,91,94,95,97]
		Expression HIF-1α, Jam-1, ICAM-1, bFGF, C5, C9, CFB	[25,90,91]
		VEGF	[77]
		Activation of ERK1/2, p38, JNK	[77,91]
		Reduced barrier function	[94]
		Induced cell death	[43,74,76,77,97]
	Poly I:C + paraquat	Protection from oxidative stress	[78,79]
TLR4	LPS	Expression/secretion IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-1ß	[94,97,98,99]
		Expression COX-2, iNOS	[99]
		Reduced barrier function	[94,99]
		Reduced cell viability	[97]
		Reduced phagocytosis	[97]
		Reduced expression RPE65	[97]
TLR9	CpG-DNA	Secretion IL-8	[25]
		Increased phagocytosis	[25]