Table 3.

EV-associated biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma.

mRNAs	Up/Downregulation	Fold-Change	References
GSTA1	Downregulated	−1.7	[68]
CEBPA	Downregulated	−1.89	[68]
PCBD1	Downregulated	−2	[68]
miRNAs
miR-30c-5p	Downregulated	−6.39	[70]
miR-204-5p	Upregulated	N/A	[30]
Proteins
PTRF	Upregulated	N/A	[72]
MMP-9	Upregulated	N/A	[67]
PODXL	Upregulated	N/A	[67]
DKK4	Upregulated	N/A	[67]
CAIX	Upregulated	N/A	[67]
Ceruloplasmin	Upregulated	N/A	[67]

N/A: Not Available.