Immunofluorescence staining of somatostatin, tau and amyloid-β in the human olfactory bulb in AD. Representative images show DAPI staining in the anterior olfactory nucleus (A), tau (B), amyloid-β (C) and somatostatin (D). Note the elevated expression of amyloid-β and somatostatin and the preferential coexpression of both markers (purple arrows) or, less commonly, the coexpression of the three markers (yellow arrow) (E). The cell density indicates that the anterior olfactory nucleus is the main area in the olfactory bulb that expresses somatostatin (F). sp, stratum piramidale; sm, stratum moleculare. Scale bar A–E 100 µm.