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. 2021 Aug 9;22(16):8547. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168547

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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AVR-48 improves cell proliferation (A) AVR-48 treatment in the BPD group increases cell proliferation (as shown by Ki67 staining) and the right panel shows quantification for Ki67. (B) Co-localization of SP-C (marker for Type II AECs) with PCNA. White arrows point to the respective cells that are proliferating. Extreme right panel shows higher magnification of proliferating Type II AECs positive for SP-C (cytoplasmic green) and PCNA (nuclear red). (C) Co-localization of RAGE (marker for Type I AECs) with PCNA. Extreme right panel shows higher magnification of proliferating Type I cells positive for RAGE (cytoplasmic green) and PCNA (nuclear red). ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Scale bar 100 µm. RA: room air; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; SP: surfactant protein; AECs: alveolar epithelial cells; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products.

AVR-48 improves cell proliferation (A) AVR-48 treatment in the BPD group increases cell proliferation (as shown by Ki67 staining) and the right panel shows quantification for Ki67. (B) Co-localization of SP-C (marker for Type II AECs) with PCNA. White arrows point to the respective cells that are proliferating. Extreme right panel shows higher magnification of proliferating Type II AECs positive for SP-C (cytoplasmic green) and PCNA (nuclear red). (C) Co-localization of RAGE (marker for Type I AECs) with PCNA. Extreme right panel shows higher magnification of proliferating Type I cells positive for RAGE (cytoplasmic green) and PCNA (nuclear red). ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; Scale bar 100 µm. RA: room air; BPD: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; SP: surfactant protein; AECs: alveolar epithelial cells; PCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products.