| BSLT | bilateral sequential lung transplantation |
| CT | computed tomography |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| HRCT | high-resolution computed tomography |
| ILD | interstitial lung disease |
| LAM | lymphangioleiomyomatosis |
| LIMK | LIM kinase |
| LT | lung transplantation |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| mTORC1 | the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| PKA | protein kinase A |
| Rac1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 |
| Rheb | Ras homolog enriched in brain |
| SEM | standard error of the mean |
| SLT | Single LT |
| SSh1 | Slingshot-1 |
| TESK1 | Testis-specific kinase 1 |
| TORSC | Taiwan Organ Registry and Sharing Center |
| TSC | tuberous sclerosis complex |
| TSC1 | Hamartin |
| TSC2 | tuberin |
| VEGF-D | vascular endothelial growth factor-D |