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. 2021 Aug 9;22(16):8575. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168575

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Analgesic mechanism of acupuncture against diabetic neuropathy in the peripheral nerves and spinal cord in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of STZ induces diabetic neuropathy (red), and acupuncture treatments in various acupoints attenuate neuropathy (blue) in rats. P65, CBS, P2X3R p-PKC GPR78, and caspase-12 are upregulated after STZ injection. However, acupuncture treatment in various acupoints upregulated the downregulated molecules. Furthermore, in the spinal cord, there is an STZ injection-induced upregulation of the NGF, SP, TRPV1, P2X4, and OX42 upregulation and downregulation of the GAD. Abbreviations: CBS, cystathionine β synthase; GAD-67, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67; GPR78, G-protein coupled receptor 78; NGF, nerve growth factor; OX42, microglia marker; P2X3, P2X purinoceptor 3; P2X4, P2X purinoceptor 4; p-PKC, p-protein kinase C; SP, substance P; TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1.