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. 2021 Aug 19;28(4):3172–3187. doi: 10.3390/curroncol28040276

Table 4.

Reported barriers to exercise during and following treatment for rural cancer survivors.

Barriers to Exercise During Treatment Barriers to Exercise Following Treatment
Cost Program
Awareness
Time Program
Distance
Child
Care
Transport Side
Effects
Cost Program Awareness Time Program
Distance
Child
Care
Transport Side
Effects
n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%) n (%)
Overall 7 (10) 9 (13) 9 (13) 9 (13) 3 (4) 4 (6) 47 (65) 11 (6) 16 (22) 9 (13) 9 (13) 3 (4) 4 (6) 25 (35)
Subgroups’
Age
≤66.5 years (n = 33) 4 (12) 4 (12) 2 (6) 3 (9) 3 (9) 3 (9) 25 (76) 6 (19) 9 (28) 5 (16) 4 (13) 3 (9) 4 1 (13) 14 (44)
>66.5 years (n = 34) 2 (6) 4 (12) 6 (18) 5 (15) 0 (0) 0 (0) 20 (59) 4 (12) 6 (18) 4 (6) 5 (15) 0 (0) 0 (0) 10 (29)
Income
<$40,000/year (n = 26) 5 (19) 3 (12) 6 (23) 6 (23) 2 (8) 3 (12) 16 (62) 7 (29) 5 (21) 6 (25) 6 (25) 2 (8) 3 (13) 10 (42)
≥$40,000/year (n = 38) 1 (3) 5 (13) 3 (8) 3 (8) 1 (3) 1 (3) 28 (74) 3 (8) 10 (26) 3 (8) 3 (8) 1 (3) 1 (3) 14 (37)
Exercise Limitations
≤2 limitations (n = 41) 4 (10) 2 (5) 2 (5) 6 (15) 0 (0) 1 (2) 24 (59) 6 (15) 6 (15) 5 (13) 6 (15) 0 (0) 1 (3) 10 (25)
>2 limitations (n = 30) 3 (10) 7 (23) 7 (23) 3 (10) 3 (10) 3 (10) 23 (77) 5 (17) 10 (35) 4 (14) 3 (10) 3 (10) 3 (10) 15 (52)
Medication Use
≤2 medications (n = 49) 6 (12) 5 (10) 3 (6) 5 (10) 0 (0) 1 (2) 32 (65) 7 (15) 10 (63) 5 (10) 6 (13) 0 (0) 2 (4) 16 (33)
>2 medications (n = 22) 1 (5) 4 (18) 6 (27) 4 (18) 3 (14) 3 (14) 15 (68) 4 (19) 6 (38) 4 (19) 3 (14) 3 (14) 2 (10) 9 (43)
Fatigue Score/10
0–2 (n = 19) 1 (5) 1 (5) 2 (11) 4 (21) 0 (0) 1 (5) 9 (47) 4 (22) 3 (17) 2 (11) 3 (17) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (6)
3–5 (n = 33) 3 (9) 3 (9) 3 (9) 3 (9) 1 (3) 1 (3) 22 (31) 3 (9) 6 (19) 3 (9) 3 (9) 1 (3) 2 (6) 12 (38)
6–10 (n = 19) 3 (16) 5 (26) 4 (21) 2 (11) 2 (11) 2 (11) 16 (84) 4 (21) 7 (37) 4 (21) 3 (16) 2 (11) 2 (11) 12 (63)
Cancer Diagnosis
Breast cancer (n = 35) 7 (20) 4 (11) 4 (11) 5 (14) 2 (6) 3 (9) 21 (60) 9 (26) 5 (14) 4 (11) 6 (17) 2 (6) 3 (9) 12 (34)
Other cancers (n = 36) 0 (0) 5 (14) 5 (14) 4 (11) 1 (3) 1 (3) 26 (72) 2 (6) 11 (32) 5 (15) 3 (9) 1 (3) 1 (3) 13 (38)
Cancer Stage
Local (Stages I–III)
(n = 44)
5 (11) 5 (11) 6 (14) 5 (11) 2 (5) 2 (5) 25 (56) 9 (21) 10 (24) 6 (14) 3 (7) 2 (5) 2 (5) 14 (33)
Metastatic (Stage IV) (n = 24) 2 (8) 4 (17) 3 (13) 4 (17) 1 (4) 2 (8) 21 (88) 2 (8) 6 (25) 3 (13) 5 (21) 1 (4) 2 (8) 11 (46)
Cancer Side Effects
≤2 side effects (n = 41) 1 (2) 4 (10) 6 (15) 6 (15) 1 (2) 1 (2) 22 (54) 3 (8) 6 (15) 5 (13) 6 (15) 1 (3) 0 (0) 9 (23)
>2 side effects (n = 30) 6 (20) 5 (17) 3 (10) (10) 2 (7) 3 (10) 25 (83) 8 (27) 10 (33) 4 (13) 3 (10) 2 (7) 4 (13) 16 (53)
Perceived Exercise Benefit: General Health
No/Unsure (n = 30) 2 (7) 3 (10) 2 (7) 2 (7) 0 (0) 1 (3) 21 (70) 2 (7) 6 (20) 1 (3) 3 (10) 0 (0) 2 (7) 9 (30)
Yes (n = 38) 5 (13) 6 (16) 6 (16) 6 (16) 3 (8) 2 (5) 26 (68) 9 (24) 10 (27) 8 (22) 6 (16) 3 (8) 2 (5) 16 (43)
Perceived Exercise Benefit: Cancer-Related
No (n = 19) 1 (5) 1 (5) 1 (5) 2 (11) 0 (0) 1 (5) 13 (68) 1 (5) 4 (21) 1 (5) 3 (16) 0 (0) 1 (5) 6 (32)
Yes (n = 36) 6 (17) 7 (19) 5 (14) 5 (14) 3 (8) 2 (6) 27 (75) 10 (29) 11 (31) 7 (20) 5 (14) 3 (9) 3 (9) 16 (46)
Current PA Goals
No increase in PA (n = 24) 0 (0) 1 (4) 1 (4) 2 (8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 17 (71) 1 (4) 4 (17) 1 (4) 3 (13) 0 (0) 0 (0) 6 (25)
Increase in PA (n = 42) 7 (17) 7 (17) 7 (17) 6 (14) 3 (7) 3 (7) 30 (71) 10 (24) 12 (29) 8 (20) 6 (15) 3 (7) 4 (10) 19 (46)
Current Exercise Motivators
≤3 motivators (n = 38) 1 (3) 4 (11) 3 (8) 4 (11) 0 (0) 2 (5) 24 (63) 3 (8) 7 (19) 3 (33) 4 (11) 0 (0) 1 (3) 9 (24)
>3 motivators (n = 33) 6 (18) 5 (15) 6 (18) 5 (15) 3 (9) 2 (6) 23 (70) 8 (25) 9 (28) 6 (67) 5 (16) 3 (9) 3 (9) 16 (50)
Exercise Facilitating Factors
≤1 facilitator required (n = 41) 3 (7) 2 (5) 2 (5) 5 (12) 0 (0) 2 (5) 24 (59) 2 (5) 5 (13) 2 (5) 5 (13) 0 (0) 1 (3) 9 (23)
>1 facilitator required (n = 30) 4 (13) 7 (23) 7 (23) 4 (13) 3 (10) 2 (7) 23 (77) 9 (30) 11 (37) 7 (23) 4 (13) 3 (10) 3 (10) 16 (53)
Interest in Community Exercise Program
No/Unsure (n = 31) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (3) 1 (45) 0 (0) 2 (7) 17 (55) 2 (7) 4 (13) 1 (3) 5 (16) 0 (0) 2 (7) 7 (23)
Yes (n = 38) 6 (16) 7 (18) 6 (16) 4 (11) 3 (8) 1 (3) 30 (79) 8 (21) 12 (32) 7 (18) 4 (11) 3 (8) 2 (5) 18 (47)

1 Bolded values represent significant differences between subgroups.