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PACAP receptors (PAC1R, VPAC1R, and VPAC2R) and their biological action. cAMP-cyclic adenosine3′,5′-monophosphate; AC-adenylate cyclase; PKA-protein kinase A; ATP-adenosine triphosphate; Gα/β/γ-G protein alpha/beta/gamma subunit; PLC-phospholipase C; PIP2-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; DAG-diacylglycerol; IP3-inositol trisphosphate; PI3K-phoshoinositide 3-kinase. The figure is based on the graphics contained in the article of Gabriel et al. [40].
