Table 1.

Evidence for TAAR5 expression in brain mined by high-throughput data analysis.

Structure	Microarray	RNAseq	Public Databases
Cortical areas: frontal cortex, parietal cortex, temporal cortex, occipital cortex, cingulate cortex, and insula.	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0). Moreover, some statistically significant variations between cortex areas or health conditions are detected.	In several datasets, some samples are true positive for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5).	HPA data demonstrated accidental TAAR5 expression below the cut-off recommended for this database.
Hippocampus	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0).	30% (3 of 10) true positives for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5) in GSE68559.	In the ABA, CA4 field samples may be considered positive.
Amygdala		In several datasets, some samples are true positives for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5)	Positive TAAR5 expression is demonstrated in the BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain and HPA (below cut-off).
Nucleus accumbens	More pronounced TAAR5 expression in the nucleus accumbens than in the caudate nucleus in GSE160521 (taking into account that TAAR5 is expressed at the levels below 0.5 CPM).
Thalamus			In the ABA, some thalamic structures may be considered positive.
Hypothalamus	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0).		In the ABA, some hypothalamic structures may be considered positive.
Striatum	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0).	In several datasets, some samples are true positive for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5).
Cerebellum	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0).	In several datasets, some samples are true positive for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5).	HPA data demonstrated accidental TAAR5 expression below the cut-off recommended for this database. In the ABA, some cerebellar areas may be considered positive.
Substantia nigra	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0).		Positive expression was detected in the ABA dataset.
White matter	The expression level is over the cut-off value in some specimens (log2 values > 5.0). The up-regulation of expression in HIV-associated encephalitis is statistically significant.	In several datasets, some samples are true positive for TAAR5 expression (CPM > 0.5).
Source of bias	The method is not adopted to confirm the absence or presence of mRNA, is not the purpose is the differential gene expression examination.	The sensitivity of the study depends on its design. In some datasets, the number of reads in the SRA file varies from 20 to 100 million. Such datasets are highly heterogeneous. Samples that include only 20 million reads may be inadequate to estimate low-expressed genes.	Data were received by RNAseq or microarray and are not free from corresponding weaknesses.