Table 2.

Disorders related to loss of function of mTOR activity.

Benign Tumors	Ways of Sensitivity to elF4E
Hamartomas	PTEN/P13K/AKT pathways [46,76]
Benign disorders that lead to malignancy
Neurofibromatosis type 1	AKT/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways [65,66,67]
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome	Hypoxia inducible factor 1 [66,67,77]
Family adenomatous polyposis	Wnt/β-catenin signaling P13K/AKT [68]
Juvenile polyposis syndrome	Smad 4 pathway [75]