Table 3.

Examples of key data obtained from AD cell line models.

Cell Lines
Cell Lines	Associated Cell Type and Tumor	Detailed Example	References
Derived from tumor
SH-SY5Y (also SH-SY6Y) cells	Neurons (cholinergic neurons after differentiation), derived from a neuroblastoma	In 3D culture, SH-SY5Y cells were used to model an AD-like tauopathy, induced with okadaic acid and the recombinant mutated human tau [121].	2D: [16,113,122,123,124] 3D: [121,125]
SK-N-MC cells	Neurons, derived from a neuroepithelioma	Aβ-treated SK-N-MC cells were used to find efficient drugs able to cross the BBB and rescue the degenerating neurons from apoptosis.	[107]
SK-N-SH cells	Neurons, derived from a neuroblastoma	Treatment of SK-N-SH with Aβ25-35 peptides was used to model AD in vitro. With this model, Gu et al. (2020) investigated genes and proteins involved in cell death during AD, identifying pathways to improve cell viability.	[126]
BE(2)-M17 cells	Neurons, derived from a neuroblastoma	Su et al. (2010) studied the role of chronic oxidative stress on tau hyperphosphorylation with a M17-based cellular stress model. They showed that stress increases tau phosphorylation in vitro and suggested a role in neurofibrillary pathology in vivo.	[127]
PC-12 cells	Chromaffin cells (modified neurons), derived from a pheochromocytoma	The neuroprotective effects of two marine-derived carotenoids was assessed with Aβ1-42-treated PC-12 cells [40].	[40,121,128]
7W-CHO cells	Chinese ovary cells overexpressing the human APP gene	7W-CHO cells were used to screen drugs able to increase the ratio between sAPPα, a neurite extending fragment, and Aβ peptides, which are neurite retractive [129].	[129,130]
CALU-3 cells	Epithelial cells, from an adenocarcinoma	CALU-3 cells were used to measure drug delivery through epithelium of a β-sheet breaker [131].	[131,132]
Immortalized with a viral vector
ReN cells and immortalized microglial cells	Neural stem cells and microglial cells	Park et al. (2018) engineered a 3D triculture system as a model of AD neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. They notably cultured fAD-mutated ReN cells, which are neural progenitor cells, and induced their differentiation into Aβ-overexpressing neurons and astrocytes. They also added immortalized microglial cells, completing the triculture system [133].	[133,134]
Immortalized brain endothelial cells	Endothelial cells	Endothelial cells were used to model Aβ clearance through BBB [135].	Human cells: [135,136] Mouse cells: [137]
HEK293 cells	Embryonic kidney cells	Waxman and Giasson (2011) developed a cellular model to study the induction of tau aggregation with preformed α-synuclein fibrils, another protein involved in Parkinson’s disease [138].	[138,139]