Table 2. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic features, and clinical outcomes of patients with and without acute kidney injury of hospitalized patients with heart failure or acute myocardial infarction (n = 81).
| Variables | Without AKI (n = 31) | With AKI (n = 50) | OR (95%CI) | p – value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical data | |||||
| Age (± SD) | 64.03 ± 16.08 | 68.88 ± 14.08 | 1.02 (0.99-1.05) | 0.172 | |
| Male sex – n (%) | 20 (64.52) | 23 (46) | 2.13 (0.85-5.37) | 0.104 | |
| SAH – n (%) | 15 (48.39) | 33 (66) | 0.48 (0.20-1.20) | 0.116 | |
| DM – n (%) | 8 (25.81) | 18 (36) | 0.62 (0.23-1.66) | 0.339 | |
| CRD – n (%) | 1 (3.23) | 19 (38) | 18.4 (2.31-146.10) | 0.001 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease - n (%) | 1 (3.23) | 6 (12) | 4.09 (0.47-35.73) | 0.337 | |
| Liver disease – n (%) | 3 (9.68) | 3 (6) | 0.60 (0.11-3.16) | 0.858 | |
| Others– n (%) | 7 (22.58) | 17 (34) | – | – | |
| Laboratory data (± DP) | |||||
| Urea (mg/dL) | 46.65 ± 25.66 | 81.52 ± 46.04 | 1.03 (1.01-1.05) | 0.001 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.17 ± 0.76 | 1.79 ± 0.97 | 1.02 (1.01-1.04) | 0.002 | |
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.11 ± 0.75 | 4.4 ± 1.02 | 2.76 (1.29-5.91) | 0.155 | |
| Bicarbonate | 24.12 ± 6.11 | 22.01 ± 4.71 | 0.92 (0.79-1.07) | 0.355 | |
| pH | 7.417 ± 0.05 | 7.374 ± 0.1 | 0.01 (0.01-74.88) | 0.069 | |
| Echocardiographic features | |||||
| Recent AMI – n (%) | 8 (25.8) | 8 (16) | 0.61 (0.22-1.73) | 0.507 | |
| HF with previous heart disease – n (%) | 22 (70.97) | 40 (80) | 1.83 (0.61-5.51) | 0.429 | |
| History of HF and recent AMI – n (%) | 1 (3.23) | 2 (4) | - | 0.999 | |
| Ejection fraction: % (± DP) | 35.86 ± 10.79 | 36.09 ± 10.79 | 1.01 (0.97-1.05) | 0.598 | |
| Left atrial diameter: mm (± DP) | 39.51 ± 7.45 | 39.51 ± 7.45 | 1.02 (0.96 - 1.08) | 0.624 | |
| Myocardial thickness – n (%) | |||||
| Increased | 16 (51.61) | 21 (42) | 0.77 (0.31-1.90) | 0.538 | |
| Normal | 15 (48.39) | 29 (58) | Reference | ||
| LF systolic dysfunction – n (%) | |||||
| Mild | 1 (3.23) | 2 (4) | Reference | 0.999 | |
| Moderate/severe | 30 (96.77) | 48 (96) | 1.25 (0.18-2.31) | ||
| Clinical outcomes – n (%) | |||||
| Death | 3 (9.68) | 16 (32) | 1.21 (1.16-16.62) | 0.021 | |
| Dialysis | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | – | 0.437 | |
AKI: acute kidney injury; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; HF: heart failure; SAH: systemic arterial hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; CRD: chronic renal disease; AMI: acute myocardial infarction; LV: left ventricular; SD: standard deviation.