Table 2.

Saxitoxins treatment in different experimental models.

Experimental Model	Saxitoxins Exposure Protocol	Effects	Reference
primary neuron culture from tropical freshwater fish	0.3–3.0 mg L−1 24h	oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity and apoptosis	[76]
murine neuroblastoma N2A	0–256 nM 24–48 h	high levels of ROS generation mild cytotoxic or apoptotic effects	[77]
rainbow trout fish cell line RTG-2	0–256 nM 24–48 h	mild cytotoxic or apoptotic effects	[77]
human primary astrocytes		high levels of ROS generation reduced cell survival	[78]
zebrafish embryos	0.05–0.1 µM	adverse effect on development of zebrafish embryos, oxidative stress-induced apoptosis	[79]
mouse neonate brain	single intraperitoneal 7.5 μg kg−1 body weight in pregnant mice	increased proliferation of OPCs, but not maturation process of these cells	[80]