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. 2021 Aug 25;9(3):56. doi: 10.3390/medsci9030056

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Serum cytokine levels following rapamycin treatment. The serum was collected following a 6 h fast. The rapamycin treatment significantly affected interleukin (IL) (A) IL-2, (B) IL-3, and (C) IL-17 levels. Sex significantly affected (D) monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, (E) macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, and (F) regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) levels. There was a trend (p < 0.07) towards an effect of treatment on (G) tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and (H) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF levels). Two-way ANOVA ^ p < 0.05; post hoc analysis * p < 0.05 as marked or ^Ψ p < 0.05 vs. sex within the treatment group; n = 3/group.