Table 1.

Various phenotypes of adrenoleukodystrophy.

Phenotypes	Onset	Symptoms	Japanese Patients (At Ddiagnosis by Gifu Univ.)
Childhood cerebral ALD (CCALD)	3–10 years	personality and behavioral changes, decreased vision and hearing, impaired intelligence, gait disturbance	99
Adolescent cerebral ALD (AdolCALD)	11–21 years	similar to CCALD but tends to progress more slowly.	12
Adult cerebral ALD (ACALD)	after adulthood	personality changes, intellectual deterioration, psychiatric symptoms	17
Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN)	after puberty	gait disturbance, incontinence, impotence, progresses slowly. Some patients may develop cerebral ALD.	55
Olivo-ponto-cerebellar type of ALD (OPCALD)	after adulthood	cerebellar ataxia, spasticity of the lower limbs, similar to spinocerebellar degeneration. Some patients may develop cerebral ALD.	6
Addison only	after infancy	lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, skin pigmentation Some patients may progress to cerebral ALD or AMN.	29
Presymptomatic		We cannot predict phenotypes and prognosis before onset.	43