Table 1.

Kinetic parameters for Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ sorption onto the CA–SC.

Models	Formulas	Parameters	Ca2+	Mg2+
pseudo-first-order	qt = qe (1 − exp(−k1t))	qe (mg/g)	28.395	17.266
		standard error for qe	0.395	0.268
		k1 (L/min)	0.021	0.020
		standard error for k1	0.001	0.001
		R2	0.984	0.982
pseudo-second-order	qt = qe (1 – 1/(1+qek2t))	qe (mg/g)	31.873	19.467
		standard error for qe	0.405	0.312
		k2 (L/min)	8.114 × 10−4	0.001
		standard error for k2	5.804 × 10−5	1.128× 10−4
		R2	0.994	0.991