Table 3.

Standardized direct, indirect, and total effects on vaccine hesitancy.

	Direct Effect		Indirect Effect via Institutional Websites		Indirect Effect via Social Media		Total Effect
	Estimate	p-Value	Estimate	p-Value	Estimate	p-Value	Estimate	p-Value
Individual determinants
Female gender	0.047	0.230	−0.003	0.611	0.010	0.243	0.054	0.161
Age (reference category ≥55 y)
18–34 y	−0.025	0.607	0.001	0.881	0.026	0.032	0.003	0.954
35–44 y	0.138	0.005	0.007	0.332	0.021	0.080	0.166	0.001
45–54 y	0.062	0.195	0.016	0.066	0.012	0.285	0.090	0.060
High school or lower degree	0.100	0.010	0.002	0.730	0.013	0.161	0.115	0.003
Higher than average family income	−0.054	0.207	−0.012	0.077	−0.006	0.522	−0.072	0.088
Presence of comorbidities	−0.164	<0.001	−0.015	0.047	0.020	0.042	−0.159	<0.001
Past vaccination refusal	0.373	<0.001	0.005	0.350	0.003	0.716	0.381	<0.001
Perceived risk of infection	−0.214	<0.001	−0.012	0.088	−0.005	0.595	−0.230	<0.001
Mediators
Social media use	0.179	<0.001					0.179	<0.001
Institutional websites use	−0.131	0.006					−0.131	0.006

Significant estimates and corresponding p-values in bold.