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. 2021 Aug 13;22(16):8716. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168716

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Effect of GPE with or without LPS-induced cell viability in RAW264.7 cells. (B) Effect of GPE on LPS-induced production of the inflammatory mediators NO. (C) Effect of GPE on LPS-induced COX-2 protein expression level in RAW264.7 cell. The results obtained from three independent experiments were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD), compared with the control group. ^## p < 0.005 and ^### p < 0.001 vs. untreated group; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 vs. LPS-treated group. GPE; Gynura procumbens polyphenolic extract, COX-2; cyclooxygenase-2.