. 2021 Aug 1;13(3):434–443. doi: 10.3390/pediatric13030050

Table 1.

Quality assessment of included studies.

Study	Number of Included Trials or Studies	Comorbidity	Adverse Events	PICO §	Quality Assessment	Protocol	Comprehensive Literature Search	Duplicate Study Selection	Duplicate Data Extraction	List of Excluded Studies and Justification	Included Studies Described Adequately	Risk of Bias Assessment	Discussion of Heterogeneity	Investigation of Publication Bias and Discussion of Impact on Results	Sources of Funding for Included Studies Reported	Appropriate Methods for Statistical Combination of Results in Meta-Analysis	Impact of RoB in Individual Studies on the Results of the Meta-Analysis or Other Evidence Synthesis Assessed	RoB in Individual Studies Accounted for in Interpretation/Discussion of Results	Authors Funding Sources and Conflicts of Interest Described
Catala-Lopez 2017	190 (n = 26,114)	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cerrillo-Urbina 2018	15 (n = 4248)	Unclear	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Partially yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Holmskov 2017	185 (n = 12,245)	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kemper 2018	90 (n = unclear)	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Cortese 2018	133 (n = 24,642)	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Liu 2019	10 (n = 4,221,929)**	Yes	Yes	3/4	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Ramstad 2018	27 (n = 76,237)	No	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Storebø 2018	260 (n = 2,283,509)**	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Solmi 2020	138 * (n = 336,065)**	Unclear	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No meta-analysis	No meta-analysis	No meta-analysis	Yes
Osland 2018	8 (n = 510)	Yes	Unclear	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No meta-analysis	No meta-analysis	No meta-analysis	No
Punja 2016	3 * (n = 39)	Unclear	Yes	4/4	Partially yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Coghill 2014	60 (n = unclear)	Yes	No	3/4	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Stuckelman 2017	32 (n = 3664)	No	No	4/4	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Hennissen 2017	18 (n = 5837)	Yes	Yes	4/4	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Joseph 2017	36 (n = unclear)	Yes	Yes	4/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Kambeitz 2014	16 (n = 1572)	Unclear	No	3/4	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Li 2017	62 (n = 12,930)	Unclear	Yes	4/4	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Liang 2018	22 (n = 46,107)	Unclear	Yes	3/4	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Maia 2017	7 (n = 444)	Unclear	Yes	3/4	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes
Myer 2018	36 (n = 3647)	No	Yes	2/4	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Pozzi 2018	45 (n = unclear)	Yes	Yes	3/4	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Unclear	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Prasad 2013	43 (n = 2110)	No	No	4/4	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Punja 2013	13 (n = 882)	No	Yes	4/4	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Rezaei 2016	11 (n = 2772)	Yes	Unclear	4/4	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	Yes

Studies with bold caption rated as good quality evidence according to AMSTAR 2. § Participants, intervention, control, outcomes. * Individual participant data (IPD). ** Non-randomized studies of intervention effects (NRSI). *** Combined randomized clinical trials and NRSI.