Table 2.
Clinical, laboratory, and radiological differences among different diabetic subgroups (n = 77).
| Variables | No. (%), Mean ± SD or Median. | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Existing DM (Group IIA, n = 12) |
New-Onset Type 1 DM (Group IIB, n = 7) | New-Onset Type 2 DM (Group IIC, n = 58) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.3 ± 8.7 | 36 ± 8.6 | 60.1 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Male patients | 7 (58.3%) | 4 (57.1%) | 30 (51.7%) | 0.895 |
| BMI | 29.1 ± 6.7 | 21.4 ± 2.4 | 33.9 ± 9 | <0.001 ** |
| Hypertensive | 1 (8.3%) | 0 | 8 (13.8%) | 0.520 |
| IHD | 0 | 0 | 7 (12.1%) | 0.283 |
| Family history of DM | 5 (41.7%) | 2 (28.6%) | 27 (46.6%) | 0.652 |
| Severe COVID-19 | 8 (66.7%) | 7 (100%) | 54 (93.1%) | 0.015 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 194.3 ± 64.3 | 473.4 ± 124.4 | 179.2 ± 64.5 | <0.001 ** |
| HbA1C | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | 33.4 ± 9.2 | 3.6 ± 1.3 | 38.1 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL) | 3.5 ± 1 | 0.3 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.8 | <0.001 ** |
| Positive urinary acetone | 0 | 4 (57.1%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| DKA on presentation | 0 | 4 (57.1%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 ± 1.9 | 10.9 ± 1.4 | 12 ± 1.3 | 0.119 |
| Platelets count (×103/mm3) | 154.9 ± 32.4 | 190.1 ± 88.2 | 190.4 ± 50.1 | 0.103 |
| WBCs (×103/mm3) | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 6.9 ± 2.9 | 6.2 ± 2.3 | 0.747 |
| Lymphocytes (mean ± SD, ×103/mm3) | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.282 |
| Absolute lymphopenia (<1 ×103/mm3) | 6 (50%) | 6 (85.7%) | 34 (58.6%) | 0.291 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 55.7 ± 31 | 113.1 ± 56.9 | 48.4 ± 29.2 | 0.004 ** |
| ESR ((mm/h) | 39.5 ± 15.3 | 52.7 ± 14.4 | 42 ± 14.1 | 0.130 |
| Serum ferritin (ng/mL) | 318.9 ± 177.9 | 832 ± 252.7 | 300.6 ± 171.2 | 0.002 ** |
| LDH (IU/L) | 256.1 ± 82.5 | 360 ± 100.8 | 284.6 ± 85.1 | 0.100 ** |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 0.9 ± 0.5 | 5 ± 5.3 | 1.2 ± 0.9 | 0.007 s** |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1 ± 1.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1 ± 0.2 | 0.336 |
| Blood urea (mg/dL) | 29 ± 19 | 49.3 ± 37.6 | 37.1 ± 26 | 0.272 |
| Positive chest CT findings | 8 (66.7%) | 7 (100%) | 54 (93.1%) | 0.015 |
| Deceased | 3 (25%) | 3 (42.9%) | 8 (13.8%) | 0.136 |
Unless otherwise indicated, data represent the mean ± SD with the range in parenthesis. No: number; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; IHD: ischemic heart disease; WBCs: white blood cells; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; IU: international unit; CT: computerized tomography. **: Kruskal–Wallis Test.