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. 2021 Aug 16;22(16):8800. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168800

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Activation of MG d14 cell proliferation and M1 skewing by GM-CSF and suppression of M1 polarization by GM-CSF removal and subsequent treatment with M2 cytokines: SP, IL-4, and IL-10. (A–C) the experimental scheme of the cytokine and BrdU treatment. MG d14 were incubated with the following cytokines for five days: GM-CSF, SP, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α or IFN-γ (A). The BrdU-incorporation assay (B) and the quantitative data for the percentage of BrdU+ cells (C); (D–F) the experimental scheme of the cytokine and BrdU treatment. MG d14 were pre-treated with GM-SCF for five days and then incubated with the following cytokines for three days: GMCSF, SP, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF-α or IFN-γ (D); fluorescence images stained with activated microglia marker CD68 and M1 microglia marker CCR7 (E). Quantitative data for CCR7+ cells among total cells (F) (n = 5); * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001; scale bar = 100 μm.