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. 2021 Aug 16;22(16):8800. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168800

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Phenotypic identity of reactive astrocytes in the mixed glial cell culture as A2 astrocytes: (A) quantitative analysis of AC d14 with CXCL10 (pan reactive astrocyte marker), Amigo2, Serping1 (A1 astrocyte markers), CD109, and Emp1 (A2 astrocyte markers) mRNA expression. (n = 3) OGD: oxygen glucose deprivation; OI: IFN-γ treatment after OGD; OT: TNF-α treatment after OGD; OTI: TNF-α + IFN-γ treatment after OGD. (B) ELISA of CINC-1, CINC-2, and VEGF secreted by AC d14 cultured with various cytokines (n = 3); (C) quantitative analysis of TGF-β and CINC-2 mRNA expression in AC d14 cultured with various cytokines (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.