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. 2021 Aug 18;22(16):8901. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168901

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Gene expressions associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, proliferative behavior and aldehyde dehydrogenase activity analysis. (A) Target gene amplifications analyzed by reverse-transcription (RT) PCR of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors SNAI1 (SNAIL), SNAI2 (SLUG) and TWIST in primary prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Beta actin (ACTB) served as a housekeeping gene. (B) PCSC proliferation analyses showed population doubling times between 50 h (PXI) and 100 h (PXIV), which were not significantly different following Mann–Whitney U tests (for each population n = 3). Means are displayed as the standard error of the mean (SEM). (C) Flow cytometry of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities in PCSCs showed that up to 10% of cells had high ALDH protein expressions (PXIII, upper panel). These were reduced to less than 4% in the examined PCSC populations after pre-treatment with interferon gamma (lower panel).