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. 2021 Aug 19;22(16):8929. doi: 10.3390/ijms22168929
BBB blood-brain barrier
IL interleukin
MMP-9 metalloproteinase-9
MRI magnetic resonance image
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α
ESM-1 endothelial cell-specific molecule-1
TG trigeminal ganglia
ROS reactive oxygen species
NO nitric oxide
CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide
CNS central nervous system
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1
CSF cerebral spinal fluid
CSD cortical spreading depolarization
NTG nitroglycerin
NLRP3 leucine-rich repeat pyrin containing protein-3
5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine
MIP-1α macrophage inflammatory protein-1α
CM chronic migraine
MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
CCL5 C–C chemokine ligand 5
IL-1R1 IL-1 receptor type 1