| ⍺-SMA | ⍺-smooth muscle actin |
| ALK1 | Activin recepto-ike kinase 1 |
| AVMs | Arteriovenous Malformations |
| BMP9/10 | Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9/10 |
| HHT | Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia |
| HHT1 | Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type 1 |
| HHT2 | Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia type 2 |
| MAPK | Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase |
| NF | Normalization factors |
| PI3Kinase | Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase |
| PMT | Photomultiplier tube |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor- β |
| VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| VEGFR1 | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 |
| VEGFR2 | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 |
| VSMCs | Vascular smooth muscle cells |
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