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. 2021 Jul 25;13(7):e16614. doi: 10.7759/cureus.16614

Figure 4. Change in number of participants in the severity groups of DASS-21* and ISI** before and during the first wave of pandemic (n).

Figure 4

*DASS-21: Depression Anxiety Stress Scale -21(8)

Recommended cut-off scores for severity labels (normal, mild, moderate, severe) are as follows:

• Depression: 0-9 (Normal); 10-13 (Mild); 14-20 (Moderate); 21-27 (Severe); ≥28 (Extremely severe);

• Anxiety: 0-7 (Normal); 8-9 (Mild); 10-14 (Moderate); 15-19 (Severe); ≥20 (Extremely severe); and

• Stress: 0-14 (Normal); 15-18 (Mild); 19-25 (Moderate); 26-33 (Severe); ≥37 (Extremely severe).

**ISI: Insomnia Severity Index (9)

Recommended cut-off scores for severity labels are as follows: Normal (0–7), Subthreshold (8–14), Moderate (15–21), and Severe (22–28).