Table 1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets.
| Index | Experimental Groups | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gainesville diet 1 | Chicken diet 2 | Coconut endosperm/Soybean curd residue | ||||||
| 80/20 | 50/50 | 20/80 | 80/20 | 50/50 | 20/80 | |||
| Supplementation 3 | ||||||||
| No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| Ingredients (%as fed) | ||||||||
| Coconut endosperm | - | - | 80 | 50 | 20 | 77.5 | 47.5 | 17.5 |
| Soybean curd residue | - | - | 20 | 50 | 80 | 17.5 | 47.5 | 77.5 |
| Supplements 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Analyzed chemical composition (%Dry matter) | ||||||||
| Dry matter (%Fresh matter) | 90.5 | 88.2 | 48.4 | 40.7 | 32.4 | 48.8 | 40.8 | 31.9 |
| Ash | 12.3 | 6.40 | 0.70 | 1.15 | 1.85 | 0.68 | 1.13 | 1.90 |
| Crude protein | 17.1 | 21.8 | 4.46 | 6.90 | 11.0 | 4.35 | 6.91 | 11.2 |
| Ether extract | 1.70 | 8.00 | 5.60 | 5.27 | 4.73 | 5.61 | 5.28 | 4.69 |
| Crude fiber | 10.3 | 3.40 | 8.52 | 7.55 | 5.94 | 8.57 | 7.52 | 5.82 |
| Nitrogen free extract (NFE) | 52.6 | 60.4 | 31.1 | 29.7 | 27.5 | 31.1 | 29.9 | 27.3 |
| Crude protein/NFE | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.40 | 0.14 | 0.23 | 0.40 |
1 Gainesville diet contains wheat bran, alfalfa meal, and corn meal at 50%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. 2 Chicken diet (Starter) contains corn meal, soybean meal, palm oil, monodicalcium phosphate, limestone, salt, vitamin–mineral premix (Feed specialties Co., Ltd.; Pathumthani, Thailand), DL-methionine, sodium bicarbonate, and choline chloride at 50.8%, 39.3%, 6.06%, 1.38%, 1.38%, 0.24%, 0.36%, 0.25%, 0.20%, and 0.07%, respectively. 3 Five grams of supplement contains monodicalcium phosphate, lime stone, DL-methionine, L-lysine, L-threonine, lard, and vitamin–mineral premix (Feed specialties Co., Ltd.; Pathumthani, Thailand) at 2.2 g, 1 g, 0.3 g, 0.14 g, 0.06 g, 1 g, and 0.3 g, respectively. Vitamin–mineral premix (Feed specialties Co., Ltd.; Pathumthani, Thailand) were supplied per kilogram of diets at 2,500,000 IU of vitamin A; 1,000,000 IU of vitamin D3; 7000 IU of vitamin E; 700 mg of vitamin K; 400 mg of vitamin B1; 800 mg of vitamin B2; 400 mg of vitamin B6; 4 mg of vitamin B12; 30 mg of biotin; 3111 mg of Ca pantothenate acid; 100 mg of folic acid; 15,000 mg of vitamin C; 5600 mg of vitamin B3, 10,500 mg of Zn, 10,920 mg of Fe; 9960 mg of Mn; 3850 mg of Cu; 137 mg of I; 70 mg of Se.