Mitochondrion-targeting peptides and peptidomimetics based on their structural classes and reported applications. Abbreviations: MTSCPP, MTS with cell-penetrating peptides; MPP, mitochondrion-penetrating peptides; SS-peptides, Szeto−Schiller peptides; CAPH, cationic amphiphilic polyproline helix; CRP, cysteine-rich peptides; FLAG-modified peptide, FLAG tag-based peptide that self-assembled into a nanofiber; AMP, peptides derived from antimicrobial peptides; CPM, nonpeptidic cell-penetrating motif; OMM, outer mitochondrial membrane; IMM, inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS, intermembrane space. Reprinted with modification from [233]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.