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In vitro antiviral activity of (A) drug-free ZnO NPs compared to (B) M3-loaded ZnO NPs. The antiviral activity was assessed using NRC-03-nhCoV strain (Accession # EPI_ISL_430820) co-cultured with Vero-E6 cells. IC50 and CC50 on viral and Vero cells were calculated using nonlinear regression analysis by plotting log inhibitor concentration versus normalized response (variable slope). The data display the mean of cell viability percentage ± SEM of 4 replicas.
