Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations for outcomes and regressors.
| Outcomes and regressors | Days with event, March 12 to October 31 (n=235), n (%) | Tweet frequency (days with condition) | Gini index (days with condition) | Positive to negative ratio (days with condition) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
Mean (SD) | P valuea | Mean (SD) | P valuea | Mean (SD) | P valuea | |||||||||
| Business closure | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Nonessential businesses closed | 143 (60.9) | 5384.90 (1136.55) | <.001 | 24.33 (0.78) | <.001 | 35.28 (10.22) | .25 | ||||||||
|
|
Nonessential businesses open | 92 (39.1) | 4127.85 (1285.98) |
|
23.95 (0.92) |
|
33.46 (10.98) |
|
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| School closure | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Schools open | 126 (53.6) | 4302.24 (1222.53) | <.001 | 24.03 (0.90) | .003 | 33.27 (10.84) | .045 | ||||||||
|
|
Schools closed due to COVID-19 | 109 (46.4) | 5575.42 (1141.91) |
|
24.36 (0.76) |
|
36.06 (10.03) |
|
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| Additional restrictions | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
No restriction announcements | 223 (94.9) | 4876.51 (1354.63) | .45 | 24.22 (0.84) | .003 | 34.23 (10.62) | .04 | ||||||||
|
|
New or updated restriction announced | 12 (5.1) | 5195.16 (1122.22) |
|
23.46 (0.75) |
|
40.83 (6.40) |
|
||||||||
| Regional differences in lockdown | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Province-wide lockdown | 169 (71.9) | 5137.50 (1334.11) | <.001 | 24.23 (0.85) | .17 | 34.44 (9.85) | .08 | ||||||||
|
|
Partial lockdown | 61 (23.0) | 4347.68 (1094.77) |
|
24.08 (0.85) |
|
35.66 (12.07) |
|
||||||||
|
|
No regions under lockdown | 5 (2.1) | 3271.60 (1587.16) |
|
23.76 (0.93) |
|
25.34 (10.76) |
|
||||||||
| Statutory holidays | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Holidays (with attached weekends) | 17 (7.2) | 4016.06 (1249.85) | .005 | 24.86 (0.52) | <.001 | 24.41 (9.34) | <.001 | ||||||||
|
|
Nonholidays | 218 (92.8) | 4961.15 (1329.05) |
|
24.13 (0.85) |
|
35.36 (10.23) |
|
||||||||
| New COVID-19 case counts (in hundreds of cases) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Low (0-1.57) | 78 (33.2) | 4158.34 (963.00) | <.001 | 24.05 (0.73) | .18 | 35.01 (10.15) | .40 | ||||||||
|
|
Medium (1.58-4.04) | 76 (32.3) | 5275.28 (1282.49) |
|
24.21 (0.89) |
|
35.51 (10.21) |
|
||||||||
|
|
High (4.05+) | 81 (34.5) | 5241.12 (1434.39) |
|
24.28 (0.92) |
|
33.25 (11.20) |
|
||||||||
| New COVID-19 case counts in Canada (in hundreds of cases) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
Low (0-4.53) | 78 (33.2) | 4185.12 (1143.35) | <.001 | 24.22 (0.75) | .17 | 33.70 (10.67) | .24 | ||||||||
|
|
Medium (4.54-12.36) | 77 (32.8) | 5174.81 (1211.07) |
|
24.08 (0.95) |
|
36.06 (10.23) |
|
||||||||
|
|
High (12.37+) | 80 (34.0) | 5311.31 (1382.81) |
|
24.26 (0.86) |
|
33.99 (10.70) |
|
||||||||
| Official announcements of COVID-19 developments (WHOb declarations, release of reopening plans, etc) | ||||||||||||||||
|
|
No announcement | 218 (92.8) | 4848.34 (1342.49) | .10 | 24.22 (0.01) | .01 | 34.35 (10.31) | .21 | ||||||||
|
|
Announcement | 17 (7.2) | 5462.65 (1258.50) |
|
23.69 (0.92) |
|
37.34 (13.27) |
|
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aP values were calculated for Kruskal-Wallis tests for differences in means across levels.
bWHO: World Health Organization.