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. 2021 Aug 4;12(8):700. doi: 10.3390/insects12080700

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Beginning from equilibrium, we introduce one infected forager into colony 1 ( $_{1} F_{I} (0) = 1$ ). In this scenario, we allow healthy foragers and drones to drift between colonies, but infected bees are detected and are removed. In panels (a,b), we assume there is a perfect filter for infected hive bees; in panels (c,d), we assume this guarding behaviour is $50 %$ effective.

Beginning from equilibrium, we introduce one infected forager into colony 1 ( $_{1} F_{I} (0) = 1$ ). In this scenario, we allow healthy foragers and drones to drift between colonies, but infected bees are detected and are removed. In panels (a,b), we assume there is a perfect filter for infected hive bees; in panels (c,d), we assume this guarding behaviour is $50 %$ effective.