Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| Ciclesonide Group (n = 35) | Standard Care Group (n = 26) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean days ± SD | 44.9 ± 17.9 | 49.0 ± 16.8 | 0.362 |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 11 (31.4) | 9 (34.6) | 0.503 |
| Underlying conditions (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 4 (11.4) | 5 (19.2) | 0.477 |
| Hypertension | 7 (20.0) | 10 (38.5) | 0.151 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 0.095 |
| Clinical manifestations (%) | |||
| Fever | 17 (48.6) | 12 (46.2) | 0.852 |
| Myalgia | 16 (45.7) | 12 (46.2) | 0.973 |
| Fatigue | 11 (31.4) | 7 (26.9) | 0.781 |
| Cough | 20 (57.1) | 10 (38.5) | 0.198 |
| Sputum | 12 (34.3) | 7 (26.9) | 0.587 |
| Sore throat | 11 (31.4) | 7 (26.9) | 0.781 |
| Rhinorrhea | 7 (20.0) | 4 (15.4) | 0.745 |
| Pneumonia (%) | 8 (22.9) | 9 (34.6) | 0.391 |
| Interval from symptom onset to enrollment, median days (IQR) | 4 (2–7) | 3 (1.8–5.5) | 0.540 |
| Ct value at enrollment, mean ± SD | 21.7 ± 6.7 | 22.3 ± 6.1 | 0.731 |
| NEWS at enrollment median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.519 |
| Arterial oxygen saturation (%) | 97.3 ± 1.5 | 97.5 ± 1.0 | 0.743 |
| White cell count (cells/µL), mean ± SD | 3262 ± 1934 | 4493 ± 2343 | 0.043 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dL) | 13.9 ± 1.1 | 13.7 ± 1.4 | 0.617 |
| Platelet count (cells/µL), mean ± SD | 217 ± 63 | 206 ± 58 | 0.549 |
| AST (IU/L), mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 10.1 | 27.5 ± 18.4 | 0.677 |
| ALT (IU/L), mean ± SD | 23.7 ± 15.2 | 21.5 ± 18.3 | 0.610 |
| BUN (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 11.9 ± 3.6 | 13.6 ± 8.0 | 0.272 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.964 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ct, cyclic threshold; IQR, interquartile range; NEWS, National Early Warning Score; SD, standard deviation.