Table 4.
The odds ratio of macronutrients intake, GI and PA and the risk of PCOS.
| Odds Ratio of PCOS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) |
p-Value | AOR (95% CI)* |
p-Value * | AOR (95% CI) ** |
p-Value ** | AOR (95% CI) *** |
p-Value *** | |
| Total protein (per 1 g) |
1.006 (0.987–1.025) |
0.536 | 1.003 (0.983–1.023) |
0.787 | 1.004 (0.983–1.025) |
0.712 | 0.977 (0.934–1.022) | 0.311 |
| Total protein (per 10 g) |
1.061 (0.880–1.280) |
0.536 | 1.028 (0.841–1.258) |
0.787 | 1.040 (0.844–1.283) |
0.712 | 0.792 (0.506–1.243) | 0.311 |
| Total fat (per 1 g) |
1.036 (1.012–1.060) |
0.003 | 1.034 (1.010–1.059) |
0.006 | 1.043 (1.014–1.074) |
0.004 | 1.062 (1.020–1.106) **** | 0.004 **** |
| Total fat (per 10 g) |
1.421 (1.129–1.789) |
0.003 | 1.398 (1.102–1.773) |
0.006 | 1.530 (1.145–2.046) |
0.004 | 1.183 (1.217–2.745) **** | 0.004 **** |
| Total carbohydrates (per 1 g) |
1.002 (0.996–1.008) |
0.565 | 1.000 (0.993–1.007) |
0.989 | 1.000 (0.993–1.008) |
0.902 | 0.995 (0.983–1.007) | 0.400 |
| Total carbohydrates (per 10 g) |
1.019 (0.957–1.085) |
0.565 | 1.000 (0.933–1.071) |
0.989 | 1.005 (0.932–1.084) |
0.902 | 0.950 (0.843–1.071) | 0.400 |
| Fiber (per 1 g) |
0.992 (0.951–1.035) |
0.713 | 0.972 (0.928–1.019) |
0.238 | 0.980 (0.933–1.030) |
0.424 | 0.974 (0.891–1.066) | 0.572 |
| Fiber (per 10 g) |
0.923 (0.602–1.415) |
0.713 | 0.755 (0.473–1.204) |
0.238 | 0.818 (0.500–1.339) |
0.424 | 0.772 (0.314–1.895) | 0.572 |
| Plant protein (per 1 g) |
1.008 (0.865–1.052) |
0.727 | 0.994 (0.945–1.043) |
0.801 | 1.005 (0.954–1.060) |
0.841 | 0.973 (0.902–1.051) | 0.489 |
| Plant protein (per 10 g) |
1.080 (0.702–1.661) |
0.727 | 0.940 (0.579–1.524) |
0.801 | 1.055 (0.624–1.785) |
0.841 | 0.764 (0.356–1.637) | 0.489 |
| SFA (per 1 g) |
1.052 (1.003–1.104) |
0.039 | 1.053 (1.000–1.108) |
0.049 | 1.075 (1.011–1.143) |
0.022 | 1.088 (1.001–1.182) ***** | 0.048 ***** |
| SFA (per 10 g) |
1.666 (1.027–2.700) |
0.039 | 1.672 (1.002–2.789) |
0.049 | 2.053 (1.112–3.792) |
0.022 | 2.319 (1.009–5.329) ***** | 0.048 ***** |
| MUFA (per 1 g) |
1.096 (1.031–1.165) |
0.003 | 1.088 (1.023–1.158) |
0.007 | 1.105 (1.026–1.192) |
0.009 | 1.127 (1.012–1.254) ***** | 0.029 ***** |
| MUFA (per 10 g) |
2.506 (1.364–4.604) |
0.003 | 2.331 (1.257–4.322) |
0.007 | 2.725 (1.287–5.768) |
0.009 | 3.296 (1.126–9.648) ***** | 0.029 ***** |
| PUFA (per 1 g) |
1.114 (0.996–1.246) |
0.060 | 1.090 (0.968–1.228) |
0.155 | 1.091 (0.968–1.230) |
0.155 | 1.136 (0.976–1.321) ***** | 0.099 ***** |
| PUFA (per 10 g) |
2.938 (0.957–9.019) |
0.060 | 2.375 (0.722–7.813) |
0.155 | 2.390 (0.719–7.944) |
0.155 | 3.575 (0.788–16.223) ***** | 0.099 ***** |
| Cholesterol (per 1 mg) |
0.999 (0.997–1.002) |
0.661 | 1.000 (0.997–1.002) |
0.793 | 1.000 (0.997–1.003) |
0.946 | 0.997 (0.991–1.003) | 0.315 |
| Cholesterol (per 10 mg) |
0.994 (0.970–1.020) |
0.661 | 0.996 (0.970–1.023) |
0.793 | 1.000 (0.972–1.027) |
0.946 | 0.971 (0.916–1.029) | 0.315 |
| GI (low) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| GI (moderate) |
2.411 (0.981–5.923) |
0.055 | 3.035 (1.132–8.138) |
0.027 | 2.437 (0.867–6.850) |
0.091 | 3.68 (0.919–14.754) **** | 0.066 **** |
| GI (high) |
Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | Not enough data | ||||
| Work/school PA (low) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Work/school PA (moderate) |
0.116 (0.025–0.546) |
0.006 | 0.127 (0.026–0.618) |
0.011 | 0.174 (0.035–0.859) |
0.032 | 0.655 (0.085–5.031) **** | 0.685 **** |
| Work/school PA (high) |
0.044 (0.008–0.251) |
0.0005 | 0.051 (0.008–0.310) |
0.001 | 0.062 (0.010–0.385) |
0.003 | 0.611 (0.060–6.238) **** | 0.677 ***** |
| Leisure PA (low) |
Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| Leisure PA (moderate) |
0.150 (0.031–0.722) |
0.018 | 0.143 (0.027–0.748) |
0.021 | 0.172 (0.032–0.916) |
0.039 | 0.162 (0.017–1.563) **** | 0.116 **** |
| Leisure PA (high) |
0.093 (0.018–0.474) |
0.004 | 0.058 (0.010–0.340) |
0.002 | 0.080 (0.013–0.478) |
0.006 | 0.030 (0.002–0.438) **** | 0.010 **** |
Abbreviations: SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; GI, glycemic index; PA, physical activity; * The odds ratio adjusted for age; ** The odds ratio adjusted for age and BMI; *** The odds ratio adjusted for age, BMI, CRP, LDL-C, total fat intake, glycemic index, work/school physical activity and leisure time physical activity; **** Variables included in the model as independent variables; ***** Due to a very strong correlation between SFA, MUFA, PUFA and total fat intake, AOR for SFA, MUFA and PUFA were calculated in the model excluding total fat intake as an independent variable. All the p-values marked in bold were statistically significant.