Table 3.
Prevalence of clinical conditions, procedures and in-hospital outcomes in patients hospitalized with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in Spain, according to sex and diagnosis position after propensity score matching.
| Primary | Secondary | Both | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | p-Value | Men | Women | p-Value | Men | Women | p-Value | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 74.28 (10.27) | 74.7 (11.22) | 0.317 | 78.74 (9.17) | 78.91 (10.44) | 0.497 | 77.4 (9.73) | 77.68 (10.84) | 0.187 |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 0.83 (0.79) | 0.94 (0.92) | 0.015 | 1.57 (1.47) | 1.67 (1.57) | 0.013 | 1.35 (1.28) | 1.46 (1.41) | 0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 32 (2.38) | 9 (0.69) | <0.001 | 105 (3.37) | 135 (4.27) | 0.063 | 137 (3.08) | 144 (3.23) | 0.671 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 217 (16.16) | 190 (14.66) | 0.287 | 834 (26.8) | 962 (30.45) | 0.001 | 1051 (23.59) | 1152 (25.86) | 0.013 |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 13 (0.97) | 11 (0.85) | 0.747 | 86 (2.76) | 94 (2.98) | 0.615 | 99 (2.22) | 105 (2.36) | 0.671 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 25 (1.86) | 33 (2.55) | 0.230 | 173 (5.56) | 191 (6.05) | 0.409 | 198 (4.44) | 224 (5.03) | 0.195 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 22 (1.64) | 32 (2.47) | 0.132 | 176 (5.66) | 217 (6.87) | 0.047 | 198 (4.44) | 249 (5.59) | 0.013 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%) | 223 (16.6) | 237 (18.29) | 0.255 | 703 (22.59) | 670 (21.21) | 0.186 | 926 (20.79) | 907 (20.36) | 0.619 |
| Rheumatoid disease, n (%) | 44 (3.28) | 50 (3.86) | 0.420 | 153 (4.92) | 261 (8.26) | <0.001 | 197 (4.42) | 311 (6.98) | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease, n (%) | 3 (0.22) | 5 (0.39) | 0.448 | 14 (0.45) | 13 (0.41) | 0.817 | 17 (0.38) | 18 (0.4) | 0.866 |
| Mild liver disease, n (%) | 53 (3.95) | 54 (4.17) | 0.774 | 124 (3.98) | 123 (3.89) | 0.853 | 177 (3.97) | 177 (3.97) | 0.999 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 229 (17.05) | 242 (18.67) | 0.277 | 695 (22.33) | 731 (23.14) | 0.446 | 924 (20.74) | 973 (21.84) | 0.205 |
| Diabetes with complications, n (%) | 6 (0.45) | 15 (1.16) | 0.040 | 55 (1.77) | 66 (2.09) | 0.354 | 61 (1.37) | 81 (1.82) | 0.091 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia, n (%) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.08) | 0.192 | 17 (0.55) | 22 (0.7) | 0.450 | 21 (0.47) | 23 (0.52) | 0.762 |
| Renal disease, n (%) | 81 (6.03) | 111 (8.56) | 0.012 | 525 (16.87) | 550 (17.41) | 0.570 | 606 (13.6) | 661 (14.84) | 0.095 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 17 (1.27) | 21 (1.62) | 0.445 | 137 (4.4) | 125 (3.96) | 0.378 | 154 (3.46) | 146 (3.28) | 0.638 |
| Metastatic solid tumor, n (%) | 5 (0.37) | 6 (0.46) | 0.718 | 49 (1.57) | 44 (1.39) | 0.552 | 54 (1.21) | 50 (1.12) | 0.693 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease, n (%) | 4 (0.3) | 9 (0.69) | 0.146 | 20 (0.64) | 26 (0.82) | 0.403 | 24 (0.54) | 35 (0.79) | 0.151 |
| AIDS/HIV, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA | 0 (0) | 1 (0.03) | 0.321 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.02) | 0.317 |
| Pulmonary embolism, n (%) | 7 (0.52) | 10 (0.77) | 0.422 | 70 (2.25) | 43 (1.36) | 0.008 | 77 (1.73) | 53 (1.19) | 0.034 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) | 169 (12.58) | 179 (13.81) | 0.351 | 339 (10.89) | 424 (13.42) | 0.002 | 508 (11.4) | 603 (13.54) | 0.002 |
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 30 (2.23) | 48 (3.7) | 0.026 | 497 (15.97) | 380 (12.03) | <0.001 | 527 (11.83) | 428 (9.61) | 0.001 |
| Tobacco use, n% | 640 (47.65) | 151 (11.65) | <0.001 | 1415 (45.47) | 288 (9.12) | <0.001 | 2055 (46.13) | 439 (9.85) | <0.001 |
| Oxygen prior to hospitalization, n (%) | 391 (29.11) | 394 (30.4) | 0.470 | 792 (25.45) | 916 (29) | 0.002 | 1183 (26.55) | 1310 (29.41) | 0.003 |
| Noninvasive ventilation, n (%) | 30 (2.23) | 28 (2.16) | 0.898 | 71 (2.28) | 81 (2.56) | 0.467 | 101 (2.27) | 109 (2.45) | 0.576 |
| Invasive ventilation, n (%) | 43 (3.2) | 24 (1.85) | 0.028 | 67 (2.15) | 41 (1.3) | 0.009 | 110 (2.47) | 65 (1.46) | 0.001 |
| Computed tomography of the chest, n (%) | 216 (16.08) | 183 (14.12) | 0.159 | 258 (8.29) | 253 (8.01) | 0.684 | 474 (10.64) | 436 (9.79) | 0.184 |
| Respiratory function tests, n (%) | 37 (2.76) | 38 (2.93) | 0.784 | 29 (0.93) | 36 (1.14) | 0.417 | 66 (1.48) | 74 (1.66) | 0.496 |
| Bronchoscopy, n (%) | 49 (3.65) | 36 (2.78) | 0.205 | 35 (1.12) | 24 (0.76) | 0.134 | 84 (1.89) | 60 (1.35) | 0.044 |
| Lung scintigraphy, n (%) | 9 (0.67) | 6 (0.46) | 0.479 | 1 (0.03) | 2 (0.06) | 0.572 | 10 (0.22) | 8 (0.18) | 0.637 |
| Lung transplant, n (%) | 59 (4.39) | 29 (2.24) | 0.002 | 3 (0.1) | 2 (0.06) | 0.643 | 62 (1.39) | 31 (0.7) | 0.001 |
| Length of stay, median (IQR) | 7 (8) | 7 (7) | 0.081 | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 0.757 | 7 (7) | 7 (7) | 0.495 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 248 (18.47) | 183 (14.12) | 0.003 | 509 (16.36) | 421 (13.33) | 0.001 | 757 (16.99) | 604 (13.56) | <0.001 |
CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index. AIDS/HIV: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/Human immunodeficiency virus. p value for the comparison between men and women.