Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n (%) or median (interquartile range), unless stated otherwise).
| HCM n = 26 |
HFNCO n = 41 |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Acute geriatric unit | 23 (88) | 14 (34) | <0.001 | |
| Acute pulmonary care unit | 3 (12) | 27 (66) | ||
| Age (years) | 86 (84–89) | 87 (85–90) | 0.785 | |
| Men | 14 (54) | 27 (66) | 0.468 | |
| CAP | 13 (50) | 31(76) | 0.172 | |
| NHAP | 13 (50) | 10 (24) | ||
| Medical history | ||||
| High blood pressure | 20 (76.9) | 31 (75.6) | 1.000 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 7 (26.9) | 14 (34.1) | 0.726 | |
| Diabetes | 11 (42.3) | 14 (34.1) | 0.679 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 10 (38.5) | 11 (26.9) | 0.465 | |
| Neurocognitive disorder | 14 (53.8) | 5 (12.2) | 0.001 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 8 (30.8) | 11 (26.8) | 0.944 | |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 3 (11.5) | 3 (7.3) | 0.880 | |
| Charlson index (mean (SD)) | 2.81 (2.58) | 2.17 (2.01) | 0.262 | |
| Degree of radiological damage | ||||
| <10% | 1 (1.5) | 5 (7.4) | 0.884 | |
| 10–25% | 4 (5.9) | 7 (10.4) | ||
| 25–50% | 9 (13.4) | 12 (17.9) | ||
| 50–75% | 4 (5.9) | 9 (13.4) | ||
| >75% | 2 (2.9) | 3 (4.4) | ||
| Severity scores | ||||
| WHO severity score S1 | 1 (1.5) | 3 (4.4) | 0.650 | |
| WHO severity score S2 | 5 (7.4) | 4 (5.9) | ||
| WHO severity score S3 | 15 (22.4) | 24 (35.8) | ||
| WHO severity score S4 | 6 (8.9) | 9 (13.4) | ||
| NEW2 score | 8 (5.25–11) | 7 (5–8) | 0.016 | |
| Clinical examination | ||||
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 31(24–35.75) | 26 (21.75–48) | 0.265 | |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 94.0 (73.25–100.0) | 86.5 (66.25–106.5) | 0.956 | |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.55 (36.08–37.65) | 36.95 (36.40–37.48) | 0.515 | |
| SpO2/FiO2 | 117 (114–148) | 88 (98–120) | 0.025 | |
| Biology | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 (11.4–13.7) | 12.2 (11.3–13.7) | 0.832 | |
| Leucocyte (/mm3) | 7.4 (5.8–12.6) | 8.0 (6.0–9.0) | 0.061 | |
| Neutrophils (/mm3) | 5.4 (4.4–10.4) | 6.0 (4.6–9.1) | 0.944 | |
| Lymphocyte (/mm3) | 0.71 (0.49–1.27) | 0.72 (0.44–1.06) | 0.152 | |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 6.2 (4.8–6.8) | 7.1 (5.2–7.9) | 0.316 | |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 108.5 (82.0–140.0) | 94 (77.0–144.0) | 0.276 | |
| C reactive protein (mg/L) | 118.0 (70.9–153.5) | 108.5 (64.4–190.5) | 0.813 | |
| Procalcitonin (µg/L) | 0.37 (0.16–8.66) | 0.59 (0.21–1.51) | 0.053 | |
| Lactate (g/L) | 2.2 (1.3–3.1) | 1.9 (1.4–2.1) | 0.302 | |
| Albumin (mg/L) | 27 (23–33) | 24 (22–27) | 0.049 | |
| Acute management | ||||
| Corticosteroids | 15 (60) | 37 (90) | 0.009 | |
| Antibiotics | 23 (92) | 38 (93) | 1.000 | |
HCM, high-concentration mask; HFNCO, high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; NHAP, nursing-home-acquired pneumonia; WHO severity index, world health organization severity index [19]; ARF, acute respiratory failure; NEWS2, National Early Warning score [18]; SD, standard deviation.