Table 2.
Summary of human studies: effects of stress/trauma/comorbidity and treatment on the cardiovascular system, H2S system and OT/OTR system.
| Author and Year | Species | Type of Stress/Trauma/Comorbidity/Treatment | Read Out (Cardiovascular/H2S/OT/OTR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sun et al., 2007 [35] | Human (Adult) | Ever-treated hypertensive patients (vs. control patients) Ever-treated hypertensive patients with grade 2 and 3 hypertension (vs. control patients) |
↓Plasma H2S levels ↑Homocysteine ↓Plasma H2S levels |
| Chen et al., 2007 [36] | Human (Children) | Essential hypertension (vs. children with normal blood pressure) | ↓Plasma H2S levels |
| Polhemus et al., 2014 [17] | Human (vs. age matched controls) | Heart failure | End stage cardiomyopathy, reduced heart function ↓Plasma H2S levels |
| Polhemus et al., 2015 [56] | Human (vs. healthy sibjects) | Heart failure Administration of SG1002 |
No changes in safety effects & plasma H2S levels in healthy subjects and heart failure patients |
| Meusel et al., 2021 [57] | Human (only males) | Intranasal OT (vs. placebo) |
↑Resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity ↑Resting diastolic blood pressure No effect on: systolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, baroreflex sensitivity at vasoactive drug challenge, ACTH, cortisol or norepinephrine |
| Rajpal et al., 2018 [58] | Humans | Patients with/without cardiovascular disease | Caucasian ♀ with cardiovascular disease: ↓plasma acid labile sulfide levels (vs. ♀ without cardiovascular disease) Caucasian ♂ with cardiovascular disease: ↓plasma bound sulfane sulfur levels (vs. ♂ without cardiovascular disease) No gender H2S bioavailability differences in african americans, but: general ↓H2S bioavailability (vs. caucasians) ↑CSE 1364 G-T allele frequency in patients with cardiovascular disease (vs. without cardiovascular disease) Plasma H2S bioavailability was predictive for cardiovascular disease in caucasian subjects |
Abbreviations: H2S = hydrogen sulfide; OT = oxytocin; CSE = cystathionine γ-lyase; ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone. ↓ slightly down, ↑ slightly up.