Figure 1.

SE 2030 at a glance. The core protocol of SE2030 is the same as in SE2020 with ABCDE: epicardial coronary artery stenosis (with RWMA), step A; lung water (with B-lines), step B; myocardial function (with left ventricular end-systolic volume for contractile reserve and end-diastolic volume for preload reserve), step C; coronary microvascular dysfunction (with CFVR), step D; cardiac autonomic balance (with HRR), step E. Ancillary steps (necessary in some but not all patients) are step F (regurgitant flows), step L (left atrial volume and function), step P (pulmonary and LV pressures) and step R (right ventricular function). The study is endorsed by the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging and initiated in Pisa, Italy, as shown by the Leaning Tower present in the logo. SE protocols are indicated from 1 to 12 clockwise, and cover a wide spectrum of clinical conditions within and beyond CAD.