Table 2.
Association between GDF-15 and mortality in Cox proportional hazards analysis.
| Variables | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 3 § | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p | aHR (95% CI) | p | aHR (95% CI) | p | |
| GDF-15 | ||||||
| Tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Tertile 2 | 2.39 (0.83–6.91) | 0.107 | 3.26 (1.04–10.22) | 0.042 | 3.67 (1.05–12.76) | 0.041 |
| Tertile 3 | 3.65 (1.33–10.08) | 0.012 | 4.70 (1.59–13.90) | 0.005 | 6.81 (1.98–23.44) | 0.002 |
† Model 1: unadjusted relative risk; ‡ model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and CCI; § model 3: adjusted for model 2 plus SOFA score and serum lactate level. Abbreviations: GDF-15, growth differentiation factor-15; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.