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. 2021 Aug 12;12:672466. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.672466

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Copyright © 2021 Lacouture, Jobin, Weidmann, Berthiaume, Bastien, Laverdière, Pelletier and Audet-Walsh

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ex vivo mammary epithelial cell organoids recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the mammary gland. (A) Brightfield visualization of organoids over 20 days in three-dimensional culture. At 10 days, spheroid-like organoids can be observed along with the beginning of lobular structures (black arrow). (B) Contractile structures are indicated by black arrows (see videos in Supplemental Figure S1 to observe contractions). (C) Diameter measurements of organoids over time (45 organoids measured/day). (D) Number of visible organoids through time in three-dimensional culture. (E) Brightfield visualization of lobular organoids after 10 and 20 days in three-dimensional culture. (F) Percentage of luminal, opaque, and lobular organoids over time. For (C, D, F), results are shown as mean ± SEM of one out of three independent experiments. Scale bars = 300 μm for (A, B, E).