Figure 5.

Reprogramming of mammary epithelial cell metabolism in two-dimensions by estrogens. (A) Extracellular flux analysis of mammary epithelial cells using an XFe96 Seahorse apparatus. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR), an indicator of mitochondrial respiration, and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), an indicator of aerobic glycolysis, are shown normalized to their respective controls. (n= 3 biologically independent samples). Metabolic flexibility of OCR (B) and ECAR (C) after injections of mitochondrial modulators. Dashed lines indicate when in the assay the different drugs were injected and followed by the metabolic response. Oligo, oligomycin; R, rotenone; AA, antimycin. (A) Results are shown as the mean ± SEM of one out of four independent experiments, each with 4-5 biological replicates per group. All experiments were performed in primary mammary epithelial cells in two-dimensions after 3 days in culture and 48 h of treatment with estradiol or vehicle. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.