Table 3. Bottom-Up Scaled and Top-Down Estimated Parameters for Gadoxetate PBPK Model.

parameter name	bottom-up scaled values	top-down estimates
CLactive [L/h]	0.23a	2.17 (11.5%)b
CLbiliary [L/h]	0.014a,c	0.07 (3.2%)b
PS [L/h]	0.014a,c	0.62 (6.3%)b
CLpassive [L/h]d	0.014
fu,liv,celld	0.648
CLr [L/h]e	0.17

^aMean values calculated from the Monte Carlo analysis.

^bMean (CV %) of 1000 bootstrap samples.

^cValue assumed equal to CL_passive.

^dRefers to the mean in vitro value in Table 2.

^eCalculated as CL_total × f_e, where CL_total is the total blood clearance, equal to 36.7 mL/min/kg and f_e is the fraction excreted in the urine, equal to 0.305.⁴⁴ The rat weight was considered 0.25 kg.