Table 2.
Regression analysis with motivation to quit smoking as the outcome variable. Step 1 controls for general negative health risks from smoking; Step 2 reflects the contribution of beliefs about the COVID-19 probability and severity, and step 3 reflects the interaction between these two beliefs. Smoking-specific probability and severity refers to smoking health risks not linked to COVID-19. Confidence intervals were bootstrapped with 5000 resamples.
| β | t | p-value | 95 % CI lower bound | 95 % CI upper bound | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Step 1: Covariates | Smoking-specific probability | .05 | .73 | .467 | −.10 | .20 |
| Smoking-specific severity | .15 | 2.29 | .023 | .01 | .28 | |
| R2 = .03, F(2240) = 3.75, p = .025 | ||||||
| Step 2: COVID-19 specific beliefs | Smoking-specific probability | .06 | .80 | .424 | −.11 | .20 |
| Smoking-specific severity | .13 | 1.92 | .056 | −.02 | .26 | |
| COVID-19 probability | .20 | 3.13 | .002 | .08 | .32 | |
| COVID-19 severity | −.07 | 1.11 | .268 | −.19 | .04 | |
| R2 = .07, F(4,238) = 4.30, p = .001 | ||||||
| Step 3: severity probability interaction | Smoking-specific probability | .05 | .80 | .426 | −.10 | .21 |
| Smoking-specific severity | .13 | 1.91 | .057 | −.02 | .26 | |
| COVID-19 probability | .20 | 3.14 | .002 | .08 | .32 | |
| COVID-19 severity | −.76 | 1.13 | .258 | −.19 | .04 | |
| COVID-19 probability x severity | .02 | .26 | .799 | −.09 | .13 | |
| R2 = .07, F(5,237) = 3.64, p = .003 |