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. 2021 Aug 12;15:695179. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695179

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Copyright © 2021 Curthoys, Grant, Pastras, Fröhlich and Brown.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Sound-evoked responses recorded simultaneously from scala tympani and scala vestibuli subtracted from one-another to produce differential (DIFF) responses, which is an approximation of the cochlear Summating Potential. DIFF waveforms were evoked by 18 kHz and 20 kHz tone-bursts at a range of sound levels (10–50 dB SPL). Reproduced (adapted) from ‘Origins and use of the stochastic and sound-evoked extracellular activity of the auditory nerve’. Pg. 162. Doctoral Thesis. The University of Western Australia. Daniel Brown. 2006. With permission from Copyright owner Daniel Brown. (B) In order to record utricular SPs, a ventral surgical approach is needed to surgically ablate the cochlea and expose the utricular macula for localized recordings on the macular surface. (C) Utricular SPs were evoked by alternating BCV stimuli at moderate to intense levels of BCV (0.023 – 0.044 g). (D) The generation of SPs were modeled by modulating the MET transducer current into asymmetric (high-slope) regions of the gating profile (first-order Boltzmann function). Reproduced (adapted) from Pastras et al. (2021). Copyright Elsevier (Hearing Research).