Table 2.
Representative commercial fish vaccines and plant-produced fish vaccines under development.
| Species | Disease or pathogen | Vaccine antigen | Production platform | Delivery route | Commercially available | Producer/reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonids | Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) | Inactivated virus | Inactivated | Intraperitoneal | Yes | Centrovet, Chile |
| Salmonids | Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) | Recombinant G protein | DNA vaccine | Intramuscular | Yes | Aqua Health Ltd., Novartis, Canada |
| Salmonids | Salmon alphaviruses (SAV) | Inactivated virus | Inactivated | Intraperitoneal | Yes | Pharmaq AS, Norway Intervet-International BV, Netherlands |
| Koi carp | Koi herpes virus disease | Attenuated virus | Attenuated | Immersion/injection | Yes | KoVax Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel |
| Grass carp | Grass carp reovirus | Attenuated virus | Attenuated | Injection | Yes | Dahuanong, China |
| Channel catfish | Edwardsiella ictaluri | Attenuated bacteria | Attenuated | Immersion | Yes | Mississippi state university, United States |
| Grouper | Red grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) | Capsid protein | Yeast | Oral | No | Cho et al., 2017 |
| Grouper | Orange-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (OSGNNV) | VLP | E. coli | Oral | No | Chien et al., 2018 |
| Rainbow trout | IPNV; IHNV | IPNV VP2 | RNA polymerase II system | Intraperitoneal | No | Guo et al., 2018 |
| Salmonids | Cardiomyopathy syndrome (PMCV) | ORF1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Intraperitoneal | No | Su et al., 2021 |
| Salmonids | Atlantic cod nervous necrosis virus (ACNNV) | VLP | N. benthamiana | Intramuscular | No | Marsian et al., 2019 |